EDITORIAL STAFF
| Editor-in-Chief Duncan Pay | Editors, Gem News | Senior Technical Editor |
| Editorial Manager Brooke Goedert | Editors, Colored Stones Unearthed | Technical Editor |
| Associate Editor Erica Zaidman | Editor, Diamond Reflections | Assistant Editor |
| Editors, Lab Notes Thomas M. Moses Shane F. McClure Sally Eaton-Magaña Artitaya Homkrajae | Contributing Editors | Customer Service |
| Editors, Micro-World Nathan Renfro John I. Koivula Tyler Smith | Editor-in-Chief Emerita |
|
PRODUCTION STAFF
| Supervisor, Multimedia Design Michael Creighton | Photo/Video Producer | Video Production |
EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD
| Ahmadjan Abduriyim Tokyo, Japan | Richard W. Hughes | Benjamin Rondeau |
| Timothy Adams San Diego, California | Jaroslav Hyršl | George R. Rossman |
| Edward W. Boehm Chattanooga, Tennessee | Dorrit Jacob | Sudarat Saeseaw |
| James E. Butler Washington, DC | A.J.A. (Bram) Janse | Karl Schmetzer |
| Alan T. Collins London, UK | Mary L. Johnson | Andy Shen |
| Sally Eaton-Magaña Carlsbad, California | Robert E. Kane | Guanghai Shi |
| John L. Emmett Brush Prairie, Washington | Stefanos Karampelas | James E. Shigley |
| Emmanuel Fritsch Nantes, France | Lore Kiefert | Elisabeth Strack |
| Eloïse Gaillou Paris, France | Simon Lawson | Nicholas Sturman |
| Al Gilbertson Carlsbad, California | Ren Lu | D. Brian Thompson |
| Gaston Giuliani Nancy, France | Thomas M. Moses | Fanus Viljoen |
| Lee A. Groat Vancouver, Canada | Laura Otter | Wuyi Wang |
| Yunbin Guan Pasadena, California | Aaron C. Palke | Christopher M. Welbourn |
| George Harlow New York, New York | Ilene Reinitz | Chunhui Zhou |
| Peter Heaney University Park, Pennsylvania | Nathan Renfro | J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan |
ABOUT THE COVER
This issue features a study of the 2.33 ct Winston Red diamond, now on public display at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. The old mine brilliant-cut Fancy red diamond was once set in the Ceremonial Necklace of Nawanagar. We show it superimposed on the 1931 sketch of the original necklace without the red diamond, designed by Cartier London. Photo of the Winston Red by Robert Weldon; courtesy of Ronald Winston. Sketch courtesy of Archives Cartier London © Cartier.
Printing is by L+L Printers, Carlsbad, CA.
GIA World Headquarters
The Robert Mouawad Campus
5345 Armada Drive
Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
© 2025 Gemological Institute of America
All rights reserved.
ISSN 0016-626X
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Copies of the current issue may be purchased for $29.95 plus shipping. Subscriptions are $79.99 for one year (4 issues) in the U.S. and $99.99 elsewhere. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for renewals, group subscriptions, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. To purchase print subscriptions, visit store.gia.edu or contact gandg@gia.edu. For institutional rates, contact Customer Service.
DATABASE COVERAGE
Gems & Gemology’ s impact factor is 1.6, according to the 2023 Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate Analytics (issued June 2024). G&G is abstracted in Thomson Reuters products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases:
| Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) | ProQuest/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts/CSA Illumina | AESIS (Australian Earth Sciences Information System) |
| Current Contents | Referativnyi Zhurnal | Applied Science & Technology Full Text/Abstracts/Index |
| GeoArchive | Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies | Biography Index |
| Book Review Digest Plus | GeoRef | British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC) |
| TOC Premier (Table of Contents) | Chemical Abstracts | Web of Science |
| CISTI (Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) | Mineralogical Abstracts | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Mega Edition |
| Computers & Applied Sciences Complete | PASCAL (INIST) | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Select |
MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSIONS
Gems & Gemology, a peer-reviewed journal, welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Author Guidelines at www.gia.edu/gems-gemology-author-guidelines or contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu). Letters on articles published in G&G are also welcome. Please note that Field Reports, Lab Notes, Gem News International, Micro-World, Colored Stones Unearthed, Diamond Reflections, Charts, and In the Spotlight are not peer-reviewed sections but do undergo technical and editorial review.
COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSION
Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to reproduce isolated articles and photographs/images owned by G&G for noncommercial classroom use without fee. Use of photographs/images under copyright by external parties is prohibited without the express permission of the photographer or owner of the image, as listed in the credits. For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu).
Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organization for the gem and jewelry industry.
Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be opinions of the authors and not of the publisher.
EDITORIAL STAFF
| Editor-in-Chief Duncan Pay | Editors, Gem News | Senior Technical Editor |
| Editorial Manager Brooke Goedert | Editors, Colored Stones Unearthed | Technical Editor |
| Associate Editor Erica Zaidman | Editor, Diamond Reflections | Assistant Editor |
| Editors, Lab Notes Thomas M. Moses Shane F. McClure Sally Eaton-Magaña Artitaya Homkrajae | Contributing Editors | Customer Service |
| Editors, Micro-World Nathan Renfro John I. Koivula Tyler Smith | Editor-in-Chief Emerita |
|
PRODUCTION STAFF
| Supervisor, Multimedia Design Michael Creighton | Photo/Video Producer | Video Production |
EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD
| Ahmadjan Abduriyim Tokyo, Japan | Richard W. Hughes | Benjamin Rondeau |
| Timothy Adams San Diego, California | Jaroslav Hyršl | George R. Rossman |
| Edward W. Boehm Chattanooga, Tennessee | Dorrit Jacob | Sudarat Saeseaw |
| James E. Butler Washington, DC | A.J.A. (Bram) Janse | Karl Schmetzer |
| Alan T. Collins London, UK | Mary L. Johnson | Andy Shen |
| Sally Eaton-Magaña Carlsbad, California | Robert E. Kane | Guanghai Shi |
| John L. Emmett Brush Prairie, Washington | Stefanos Karampelas | James E. Shigley |
| Emmanuel Fritsch Nantes, France | Lore Kiefert | Elisabeth Strack |
| Eloïse Gaillou Paris, France | Simon Lawson | Nicholas Sturman |
| Al Gilbertson Carlsbad, California | Ren Lu | D. Brian Thompson |
| Gaston Giuliani Nancy, France | Thomas M. Moses | Fanus Viljoen |
| Lee A. Groat Vancouver, Canada | Laura Otter | Wuyi Wang |
| Yunbin Guan Pasadena, California | Aaron C. Palke | Christopher M. Welbourn |
| George Harlow New York, New York | Ilene Reinitz | Chunhui Zhou |
| Peter Heaney University Park, Pennsylvania | Nathan Renfro | J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan |
ABOUT THE COVER
This issue features a study of the 2.33 ct Winston Red diamond, now on public display at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. The old mine brilliant-cut Fancy red diamond was once set in the Ceremonial Necklace of Nawanagar. We show it superimposed on the 1931 sketch of the original necklace without the red diamond, designed by Cartier London. Photo of the Winston Red by Robert Weldon; courtesy of Ronald Winston. Sketch courtesy of Archives Cartier London © Cartier.
Printing is by L+L Printers, Carlsbad, CA.
GIA World Headquarters
The Robert Mouawad Campus
5345 Armada Drive
Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
© 2025 Gemological Institute of America
All rights reserved.
ISSN 0016-626X
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Copies of the current issue may be purchased for $29.95 plus shipping. Subscriptions are $79.99 for one year (4 issues) in the U.S. and $99.99 elsewhere. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for renewals, group subscriptions, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. To purchase print subscriptions, visit store.gia.edu or contact gandg@gia.edu. For institutional rates, contact Customer Service.
DATABASE COVERAGE
Gems & Gemology’ s impact factor is 1.6, according to the 2023 Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate Analytics (issued June 2024). G&G is abstracted in Thomson Reuters products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases:
| Academic Search Complete (EBSCO) | ProQuest/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts/CSA Illumina | AESIS (Australian Earth Sciences Information System) |
| Current Contents | Referativnyi Zhurnal | Applied Science & Technology Full Text/Abstracts/Index |
| GeoArchive | Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies | Biography Index |
| Book Review Digest Plus | GeoRef | British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC) |
| TOC Premier (Table of Contents) | Chemical Abstracts | Web of Science |
| CISTI (Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) | Mineralogical Abstracts | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Mega Edition |
| Computers & Applied Sciences Complete | PASCAL (INIST) | Wilson Omni File: Full Text Select |
MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSIONS
Gems & Gemology, a peer-reviewed journal, welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Author Guidelines at www.gia.edu/gems-gemology-author-guidelines or contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu). Letters on articles published in G&G are also welcome. Please note that Field Reports, Lab Notes, Gem News International, Micro-World, Colored Stones Unearthed, Diamond Reflections, Charts, and In the Spotlight are not peer-reviewed sections but do undergo technical and editorial review.
COPYRIGHT AND REPRINT PERMISSION
Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to reproduce isolated articles and photographs/images owned by G&G for noncommercial classroom use without fee. Use of photographs/images under copyright by external parties is prohibited without the express permission of the photographer or owner of the image, as listed in the credits. For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the editors (gandgeditorial@gia.edu).
Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organization for the gem and jewelry industry.
Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be opinions of the authors and not of the publisher.