Adamo I., Pavese A., Prosperi L., Diella V., Merlini M., Gemmi M., Ajo D. (2005) Characterization of the new Malossi hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 328–338, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.41.4.328
Anderton R. (1955) The new Gachala emerald mine in Colombia. G&G, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 195–196.
Bowersox G.W., Anwar J. (1989) The Gujar Killi emerald deposit, Northwest Frontier Province, Pakistan. G&G, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 16–24, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.25.1.16
Bowersox G.W., Snee L.W., Foord E.E., Seal R.R. (1991) Emeralds of the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan. G&G, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 26–39, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.27.1.26
Cassedanne J.P., Sauer D.A. (1984) The Santa Terezinha de Goiás emerald deposit. G&G, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp 4–13, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.20.1.4
Epstein D.S. (1989) The Capoeirana emerald deposit near Nova Era, Minas Gerais, Brazil. G&G, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 150–158, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.25.3.150
Flanigen E.M., Breck D.W., Mumbach N.R., Taylor A.M. (1965) New hydrothermal emerald. G&G, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp 259–265.
Graziani G., Gübelin E., Martini M. (1987) The Lennix synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 140–147, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.23.3.140
Gübelin E.J. (1956) The emerald from Habachtal. G&G, Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 295–309.
——— (1958) Notes on the new emeralds from Sandawana. G&G, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 195–203.
——— (1982) Gemstones of Pakistan: Emerald, ruby and spinel. G&G, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 123–139, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.18.3.123
Huong L.T-T., Häger T., Hofmeister W. (2010) Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy: A powerful tool to identify natural and synthetic emeralds. G&G, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 36–41, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.46.1.36
Huong L.T-T., Hofmeister W., Häger T., Karampelas S., Kien N.D-T. (2014) A preliminary study of the separation of natural and synthetic emeralds using vibrational spectroscopy. G&G, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 287–292, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.50.4.287
Jennings R.H., Kammerling R.C., Kovaltchouk A., Calderon G.P., Baz M.K., Koivula J.I. (1993) Emeralds and green beryls of Upper Egypt. G&G, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 100–115, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.29.2.100
Johnson M.L. (2007) Durability testing of filled emeralds. G&G, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 120–137, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.43.2.120
Johnson M.L., Elen S., Muhlmeister S. (1999) On the identification of various emerald filling substances. G&G, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 82–107, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.35.2.82
Kammerling R.C., Koivula J.I., Kane R.E., Maddison P., Shigley J.E., Fritsch E. (1991) Fracture filling of emeralds: Opticon and traditional “oils.” G&G, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 70–85 http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.27.2.70
Kane R.E., Kammerling R.C., Moldes R., Koivula J.I., McClure S.F., Smith C.P. (1989) Emerald and gold treasures of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha. G&G, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 196–206, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.25.4.196
Kane R.E., Liddicoat R.T. (1985) The Biron hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 156–170, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.21.3.156
Keller P.C. (1981) Emeralds of Colombia. G&G, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 80–92, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.17.2.80
Koivula J.I. (1982) Tourmaline as an inclusion in Zambian emeralds. G&G, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 225-227, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.18.4.225
Koivula J.I., Keller P.C. (1985) Russian flux-grown synthetic emeralds. G&G, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 79–85, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.21.2.79
Koivula J.I., Kammerling R.C., DeGhionno D., Reinitz I., Fritsch, E., Johnson M.L. (1996) Gemological investigation of a new type of Russian hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 32–39, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.32.1.32
Laskovenkov A.F., Zhernakov V.I. (1995) An update on the Ural emerald mines. G&G, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 106–113, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.32.1.106
Liddicoat R.T. (1964) Developments in the synthetic-emerald field. G&G, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 131–137.
——— (1967) A new Australian emerald source. G&G, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 220–222.
Mayers D.E. (1958) Sandawana emeralds: Some commercial aspects. G&G, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 221–223.
McClure S.F., Moses T.M., Tannous M., Koivula J.I. (1999) Classifying emerald clarity enhancement at the GIA Gem Trade Laboratory. G&G, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 176–185, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.35.4.176
Pignatelli I., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Agrosì G., Mathieu S., Morlot C., Branquet Y. (2015) Colombian trapiche emeralds: Recent advances in understanding their formation. G&G, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 222–259, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.51.3.222
Ringsrud R. (1983) The oil treatment of emeralds in Bogotá, Colombia. G&G, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 149–156, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.19.3.149
——— (1986) The Coscuez mine: A major source of Colombian emeralds. G&G, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 67–79, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.22.2.67
——— (2008) Gota de aceite: Nomenclature for the finest Colombian emeralds. G&G, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 242–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.44.3.242
Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Peucat J.J., Nordrum F.S., Groat L. (2008) Characterization of emeralds from a historical deposit: Byrud (Eidsvoll), Norway. G&G, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 108–122, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.44.2.108
Schmetzer K. (1996) Growth method and growth-related properties of a new type of Russian hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 40–43, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.32.1.40
Schmetzer K., Bank H., Stähle V. (1981) The chromium content of Lechleitner synthetic emerald overgrowth. G&G, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 98–100, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.17.2.98
Schmetzer K., Bernhardt H.J., Biehler R. (1991) Emeralds from the Ural Mountains, USSR. G&G, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 86–99, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.27.2.86
Schmetzer K., Kiefert L., Bernhardt H.J., Zhang B.L. (1997) Characterization of Chinese hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 276–291, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.33.4.276
Schwarz D. (1994) Emeralds from the Manajary region, Madagascar: Internal features. G&G, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 88–101, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.30.2.88
Stockton C.M. (1984) The chemical distinction of natural from synthetic emeralds. G&G, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 141–145, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.20.3.141
——— (1987) The separation of natural from synthetic emeralds by infrared spectroscopy. G&G, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 96–99, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.23.2.96
Weldon R., Ortiz J.G., Ottaway T. (2016) In Rainier’s footsteps: Journey to the Chivor emerald mine, G&G, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 168–187, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.52.2.168
Zwaan J.C., Kanis J., Petsch E.J. (1997) Update on emeralds from the Sandawana Mines, Zimbabwe. G&G, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 80–100, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.33.2.80
Zwaan J.C., Seifert A.V., Vrána S., Laurs B.M., Anckar B., Simmons W.B., Falster A.U., Lustenhouwer W.J., Muhlmeister S., Koivula J.I., Garcia-Guillerminet H. (2005) Emeralds from the Kafubu area, Zambia. G&G, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 116–148, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.41.2.116
Zwaan J.C., Jacob D.E., Häger T., Cavalcanti-Neto M.T.O., Kanis J. (2012) Emeralds from the Fazenda Bonfim region, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. G&G, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 2–17, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.48.1.2
Adamo I., Pavese A., Prosperi L., Diella V., Merlini M., Gemmi M., Ajo D. (2005) Characterization of the new Malossi hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 328–338, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.41.4.328
Anderton R. (1955) The new Gachala emerald mine in Colombia. G&G, Vol. 8, No. 7, pp. 195–196.
Bowersox G.W., Anwar J. (1989) The Gujar Killi emerald deposit, Northwest Frontier Province, Pakistan. G&G, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 16–24, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.25.1.16
Bowersox G.W., Snee L.W., Foord E.E., Seal R.R. (1991) Emeralds of the Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan. G&G, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 26–39, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.27.1.26
Cassedanne J.P., Sauer D.A. (1984) The Santa Terezinha de Goiás emerald deposit. G&G, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp 4–13, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.20.1.4
Epstein D.S. (1989) The Capoeirana emerald deposit near Nova Era, Minas Gerais, Brazil. G&G, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 150–158, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.25.3.150
Flanigen E.M., Breck D.W., Mumbach N.R., Taylor A.M. (1965) New hydrothermal emerald. G&G, Vol. 11, No. 9, pp 259–265.
Graziani G., Gübelin E., Martini M. (1987) The Lennix synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 140–147, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.23.3.140
Gübelin E.J. (1956) The emerald from Habachtal. G&G, Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 295–309.
——— (1958) Notes on the new emeralds from Sandawana. G&G, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 195–203.
——— (1982) Gemstones of Pakistan: Emerald, ruby and spinel. G&G, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 123–139, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.18.3.123
Huong L.T-T., Häger T., Hofmeister W. (2010) Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy: A powerful tool to identify natural and synthetic emeralds. G&G, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 36–41, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.46.1.36
Huong L.T-T., Hofmeister W., Häger T., Karampelas S., Kien N.D-T. (2014) A preliminary study of the separation of natural and synthetic emeralds using vibrational spectroscopy. G&G, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 287–292, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.50.4.287
Jennings R.H., Kammerling R.C., Kovaltchouk A., Calderon G.P., Baz M.K., Koivula J.I. (1993) Emeralds and green beryls of Upper Egypt. G&G, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 100–115, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.29.2.100
Johnson M.L. (2007) Durability testing of filled emeralds. G&G, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 120–137, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.43.2.120
Johnson M.L., Elen S., Muhlmeister S. (1999) On the identification of various emerald filling substances. G&G, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 82–107, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.35.2.82
Kammerling R.C., Koivula J.I., Kane R.E., Maddison P., Shigley J.E., Fritsch E. (1991) Fracture filling of emeralds: Opticon and traditional “oils.” G&G, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 70–85 http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.27.2.70
Kane R.E., Kammerling R.C., Moldes R., Koivula J.I., McClure S.F., Smith C.P. (1989) Emerald and gold treasures of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha. G&G, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 196–206, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.25.4.196
Kane R.E., Liddicoat R.T. (1985) The Biron hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 156–170, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.21.3.156
Keller P.C. (1981) Emeralds of Colombia. G&G, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 80–92, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.17.2.80
Koivula J.I. (1982) Tourmaline as an inclusion in Zambian emeralds. G&G, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 225-227, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.18.4.225
Koivula J.I., Keller P.C. (1985) Russian flux-grown synthetic emeralds. G&G, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 79–85, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.21.2.79
Koivula J.I., Kammerling R.C., DeGhionno D., Reinitz I., Fritsch, E., Johnson M.L. (1996) Gemological investigation of a new type of Russian hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 32–39, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.32.1.32
Laskovenkov A.F., Zhernakov V.I. (1995) An update on the Ural emerald mines. G&G, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 106–113, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.32.1.106
Liddicoat R.T. (1964) Developments in the synthetic-emerald field. G&G, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 131–137.
——— (1967) A new Australian emerald source. G&G, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 220–222.
Mayers D.E. (1958) Sandawana emeralds: Some commercial aspects. G&G, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 221–223.
McClure S.F., Moses T.M., Tannous M., Koivula J.I. (1999) Classifying emerald clarity enhancement at the GIA Gem Trade Laboratory. G&G, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 176–185, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.35.4.176
Pignatelli I., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Agrosì G., Mathieu S., Morlot C., Branquet Y. (2015) Colombian trapiche emeralds: Recent advances in understanding their formation. G&G, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 222–259, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.51.3.222
Ringsrud R. (1983) The oil treatment of emeralds in Bogotá, Colombia. G&G, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 149–156, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.19.3.149
——— (1986) The Coscuez mine: A major source of Colombian emeralds. G&G, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 67–79, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.22.2.67
——— (2008) Gota de aceite: Nomenclature for the finest Colombian emeralds. G&G, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 242–245, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.44.3.242
Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Peucat J.J., Nordrum F.S., Groat L. (2008) Characterization of emeralds from a historical deposit: Byrud (Eidsvoll), Norway. G&G, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 108–122, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.44.2.108
Schmetzer K. (1996) Growth method and growth-related properties of a new type of Russian hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 40–43, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.32.1.40
Schmetzer K., Bank H., Stähle V. (1981) The chromium content of Lechleitner synthetic emerald overgrowth. G&G, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 98–100, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.17.2.98
Schmetzer K., Bernhardt H.J., Biehler R. (1991) Emeralds from the Ural Mountains, USSR. G&G, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 86–99, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.27.2.86
Schmetzer K., Kiefert L., Bernhardt H.J., Zhang B.L. (1997) Characterization of Chinese hydrothermal synthetic emerald. G&G, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 276–291, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.33.4.276
Schwarz D. (1994) Emeralds from the Manajary region, Madagascar: Internal features. G&G, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 88–101, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.30.2.88
Stockton C.M. (1984) The chemical distinction of natural from synthetic emeralds. G&G, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 141–145, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.20.3.141
——— (1987) The separation of natural from synthetic emeralds by infrared spectroscopy. G&G, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 96–99, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.23.2.96
Weldon R., Ortiz J.G., Ottaway T. (2016) In Rainier’s footsteps: Journey to the Chivor emerald mine, G&G, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 168–187, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.52.2.168
Zwaan J.C., Kanis J., Petsch E.J. (1997) Update on emeralds from the Sandawana Mines, Zimbabwe. G&G, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 80–100, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.33.2.80
Zwaan J.C., Seifert A.V., Vrána S., Laurs B.M., Anckar B., Simmons W.B., Falster A.U., Lustenhouwer W.J., Muhlmeister S., Koivula J.I., Garcia-Guillerminet H. (2005) Emeralds from the Kafubu area, Zambia. G&G, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 116–148, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.41.2.116
Zwaan J.C., Jacob D.E., Häger T., Cavalcanti-Neto M.T.O., Kanis J. (2012) Emeralds from the Fazenda Bonfim region, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. G&G, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 2–17, http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/GEMS.48.1.2